Which term describes the power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional?

• A. Sovereign Immunity
• B. Judicial Review
• C. Filibuster
• D. Ratification

Answer: (B)

Judicial review describes the power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional. This ability lets the judiciary interpret the Constitution and strike down any statute or government action that conflicts with constitutional provisions, providing a critical check on legislative and executive power. The idea took hold in U.S. history with the case Marbury v. Madison, which established that courts have the authority to review laws and government actions for constitutional compatibility. Without judicial review, laws could infringe rights or exceed authority without a remedy through the courts.

For context, sovereign immunity is the principle that the government cannot be sued without its consent; a filibuster is a Senate tactic used to delay or block legislation; and ratification is the formal approval process for amendments or treaties. Among these, judicial review best fits the description of the power to declare laws unconstitutional.